Arthritis

The meaning of the word “arthritis” comes from the Greek words “arthro” (joint) and “itis” (inflammation). It’s a common condition characterized by joint inflammation, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility. Arthritis affects more than 4.2 million Canadians over the age of 15—approximately 16% of the population—and nearly 60% of them are under 65, proving it’s not just a condition caused by aging. [1]

With over 100 different types [2], arthritis symptoms can vary widely, affecting people of all ages. Understanding the various types of arthritis, their symptoms, and causes early can help manage the condition effectively.

Different Types of Arthritis

Arthritis encompasses various forms, each with distinct causes and symptoms, and treatment options. Identifying the correct form helps guide management and prognosis. Here are the most common forms:

• Osteoarthritis – Caused by wear-and-tear, most common in older adults.
• Rheumatoid arthritis – An autoimmune disorder where the body attacks joint tissues.
• Psoriatic arthritis – Affects people with psoriasis; includes skin and joint symptoms.
• Gouty arthritis – Triggered by a buildup of uric acid crystals in joints.
• Juvenile arthritis – Occurs in children; can impact growth and joint development.
• Septic arthritis – Caused by infection in the joint, often from bacteria.
• Reactive arthritis – Happens after infection in another part of the body. [3]

These different types of arthritis may affect various joints, such as the knees, hands, feet, hips, or spine.

What is the most painful type of arthritis?

Gouty arthritis is widely considered the most painful [2], especially during flare-ups. It often affects the big toe but can spread to other joints, causing intense, sudden pain and swelling.

What is the most serious type of arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis can lead to permanent joint damage and even affect the lungs, heart, and blood vessels. If untreated, it can reduce life expectancy and cause disability.

What is the first stage of arthritis?

The earliest sign is usually joint stiffness in the morning or after inactivity. Swelling, warmth, and slight discomfort may also appear. Recognizing these signs of arthritis early can slow progression.

Is arthritis a disability?

Yes. Many forms, particularly arthritis in hands, knees, and spine, can impair function. In severe cases, individuals may qualify for disability benefits due to limited mobility or chronic pain. [4]

What is the life expectancy of someone with arthritis?

It depends on the type and severity. With proper management, many people live normal lives. However, conditions like rheumatoid arthritis can reduce life expectancy if untreated due to systemic inflammation and complications.

Signs and Symptoms of Arthritis in Hands, Knees, and Other Joints

Arthritis symptoms can manifest differently depending on the type and location of the condition, but certain warning signs are consistent across many forms. Recognizing these early signs of arthritis is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Common symptoms of arthritis include:

• Persistent joint pain or tenderness
• Swelling in or around the joint
• Morning stiffness that lasts 30 minutes or longer
• Limited range of motion or joint flexibility
• A feeling of warmth or redness around the joint

These symptoms often worsen with activity and improve with rest, but in inflammatory forms like rheumatoid arthritis, pain can persist even during inactivity.

Symptoms of Arthritis by Body Part

• Arthritis in hands: Pain, swelling, and stiffness in the fingers or wrists are common arthritis symptoms in hands. It can impact grip strength and fine motor skills.
• Knee arthritis: People with arthritis in the knee may notice pain when climbing stairs, reduced flexibility, and a grinding sensation during movement.
• Hip arthritis symptoms: This may present as groin pain, difficulty standing, or pain radiating to the thigh or buttocks.
• Arthritis in feet: Look for stiffness, swelling, and discomfort in the ankles or the base of the big toe.
• Neck arthritis: Neck arthritis can cause pain, reduced motion, and sometimes tingling in the arms due to nerve involvement.
• Spine Arthritis (Back): Arthritis can affect the spine, especially in the lower back. Known as spondylosis or spinal osteoarthritis, it may cause stiffness, lower back pain, and radiating pain to the legs or buttocks, especially after sitting or waking up.
• Shoulder Arthritis: Pain and stiffness in the shoulder can limit arm movement and make lifting or reaching difficult. Swelling and tenderness may also occur, especially after repetitive use.
• Elbow Arthritis: Although less common, arthritis in the elbow can lead to pain when bending or straightening the arm. Swelling and limited range of motion are typical signs.
• Jaw Arthritis (TMJ): The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be affected by arthritis, causing jaw pain, clicking sounds, and difficulty chewing or opening the mouth fully.
• Finger and Thumb Arthritis: This can cause swelling at the base of the thumb or in the finger joints, leading to joint enlargement, pain during gripping, and limited dexterity.

Does arthritis hurt all the time?

Not always. Pain can be intermittent, worsening with movement or after periods of rest. Flares may increase frequency or intensity.

How does early arthritis feel?

Early signs are often subtle—mild stiffness, slight joint swelling, or aching after use. These are early symptoms of arthritis that shouldn’t be ignored.

What does arthritis fatigue feel like?

Fatigue can feel like overwhelming tiredness unrelated to activity. It’s common in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, often due to inflammation or poor sleep.

When to Seek Medical Attention

You should consult a specialist if:

• Pain lasts more than a week
• Joints are visibly swollen or deformed
• You experience morning stiffness lasting over 30 minutes
• Over-the-counter options are ineffective

Prompt diagnosis and management help prevent joint damage. Chronic arthritis pain is not normal—seek help now, get control of your arthritis, and eliminate chronic pain.

What Causes Arthritis and Joint Inflammation?

The causes of arthritis vary depending on the specific type, but they all involve inflammation or deterioration of joint structures.

• Osteoarthritis results from gradual cartilage breakdown due to age, joint overuse, or previous injury. It’s the most common form and is often found in weight-bearing joints like knees and hips.
• Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder where the body mistakenly attacks the synovium (joint lining), leading to swelling, erosion, and joint deformity.
• Psoriatic arthritis combines skin and joint inflammation. It’s thought to result from immune system dysfunction, particularly in individuals with a genetic predisposition to psoriasis.
• Septic arthritis is caused by an infection in the joint space, typically from bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. It can occur after surgery or a bloodstream infection and requires urgent treatment.
• Reactive arthritis is triggered by infections in other parts of the body, such as the urinary tract or intestines. It often affects the knees, ankles, and feet.
• Juvenile arthritis affects children and is believed to stem from autoimmune or genetic factors. Symptoms include joint pain, swelling, and eye inflammation.
• Gouty arthritis occurs due to the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joint. Diet, alcohol, and genetics are contributing factors.

Risk Factors for Arthritis

Several factors increase your risk of developing arthritis symptoms. Some are beyond your control, while others can be managed.

• Age: The risk rises as you get older, especially for knee arthritis and arthritis in the hands.
• Gender: Women are more likely to get rheumatoid arthritis, while men are more prone to gouty arthritis. Women are disproportionately affected—nearly 64% of arthritis patients in Canada are female. [1]
• Family history: Genetics plays a role, especially in autoimmune types.
• Obesity: Extra weight puts stress on joints like the knees, hips, and feet.
• Injury or joint overuse: Past joint trauma can lead to osteoarthritis.
• Smoking and poor lifestyle: These can increase inflammation and worsen autoimmune arthritis.

Who is most likely to get arthritis?

Adults over 50, women, and those with a family history or autoimmune conditions are at the highest risk. Even younger adults can develop arthritis, especially reactive arthritis or juvenile arthritis.

Complications of Untreated Arthritis

When arthritis symptoms are not treated, they can lead to lasting joint damage. Inflammation wears down cartilage, weakens muscles, and may cause deformities, stiffness, and reduced mobility. This can make simple tasks like walking or using your hands painful and difficult.

Some forms, like rheumatoid arthritis or septic arthritis, can also affect the heart, lungs, or nerves. Untreated arthritis in the knee or hips may lead to joint replacements. Chronic pain and fatigue can impact sleep, mood, and daily life. Getting treatment early helps prevent serious complications. 

If you’re experiencing persistent joint pain or inflammation, contact Moore MyoWorx specialists for a personalized assessment. Early intervention can make all the difference.